DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. MariaDB vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. MariaDB vs. RDFox vs. Spark SQL vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#358	Overall
	#36	Graph DBMS
	#16	Object oriented DBMS

Website

phoenix.apache.org

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

spark.apache.org/sql

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Apache Software Foundation

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

2014

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2017

2014

2011

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

11.3.2, February 2024

6.0, Septermber 2022

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

.Net

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

C
Java

Java
Python
R
Scala

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

replication via a shared file system

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

Based on Windows Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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