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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCockroach LabsMicrosoft
Initial release2014201020152010
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 201824.1.0, May 2024V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCGoC++
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesdynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication using RAFTyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache PhoenixCitusCockroachDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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Recent citations in the news

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2 June 2016, AWS Blog

Azure #HDInsight Apache Phoenix now supports Zeppelin
16 August 2018, Microsoft

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24 January 2019, Microsoft

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