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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. HBase

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. HBase

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSWide column store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhbase.apache.org
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comhbase.apache.org/­book.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset
Initial release2014200820102008
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20194.1.3, July 20238.1, December 20182.3.4, January 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyesschema-free, schema definition possible
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVRO
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoCoprocessors in Java
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationyesnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixCassandraCitusHBase
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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