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DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hazelcast vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hazelcast vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Jena - TDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena frameworkA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A widely adopted in-memory data gridWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.
Primary database modelRDF storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.00
Rank#91  Overall
#3  RDF stores
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score5.57
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score652.16
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.24
Rank#163  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitejena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spannerhazelcast.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationjena.apache.org/­documentation/­tdb/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshazelcast.org/­imdg/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infooriginally developed by HP LabsGoogleHazelcastPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release2000201720081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1998
Current release4.9.0, July 20235.3.6, November 202316.4, August 2024Release 22.1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache License, Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
Data schemeyes infoRDF Schemasyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsFuseki infoREST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
Supported programming languagesJavaGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PL/SQL
Triggersyes infovia event handlernoyes infoEventsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoReplicated MapSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoTDB TransactionsACID infoStrict serializable isolationone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess control via Jena SecurityAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache Jena - TDBGoogle Cloud SpannerHazelcastPostgreSQLTimesTen
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