DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Cassandra vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. HugeGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Cassandra vs. etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. HugeGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A distributed reliable key-value store

Natively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clustering

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Primary database model

RDF store

Wide column store

Key-value store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.75
Rank	#84	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#223	Overall
	#103	Relational DBMS
	#18	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

cassandra.apache.org

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.mcobject.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.mcobject.com/docs/extremedb.htm

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

McObject

Baidu

Initial release

2000

2008

2001

2018

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

4.1.3, July 2023

3.4, August 2019

8.2, 2021

0.9

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Unix

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

support of XML interfaces available

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

also supports composite index and range index

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

with the option: eXtremeSQL

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala

Groovy
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

yes, watching key changes

yes

by defining events

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

horizontal partitioning / sharding

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication

by means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication

by means of eXtremeDB High Availability option

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies available

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Users, roles and permissions

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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