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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score3.27
Rank#97  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Score0.52
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgorientdb.orgwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201820102014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.1.0, April 20233.2.29, March 202410 R1, October 201816.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJava, Javascriptuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesHooksyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardinghorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes inforelationship in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache IoTDBOrientDBPostgres-XLPostgreSQL
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