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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Heroic vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Heroic vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.57
Rank#250  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgiotdb.apache.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmliotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlspotify.github.io/­heroicwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationSpotifyPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2013201820141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.1.0, April 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++JavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languagenoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Native API
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaApache IoTDBHeroicPostgreSQL
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