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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.19
Rank#176  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score134.78
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software FoundationElasticGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2018201020172010
Current release1.1.0, April 20238.6, January 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnoTransact SQL
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesMemcached and Redis integrationno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache IoTDBElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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