DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Website

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Dwayne Richard Hipp

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2013

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2000

2011

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

10 R1, October 2018

16.3, May 2024

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

server-less

Windows

Data scheme

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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