DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. STSdb vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Oracle vs. STSdb vs. TimesTen vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.oracle.com/en/database

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Oracle

STS Soft SC

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

1980

2011

1998

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

23c, September 2023

4.0.8, September 2015

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

.NET Client API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C#
Java

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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