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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. Snowflake vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.02
Rank#88  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#12  Key-value stores
Score133.72
Rank#7  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverorientdb.orgwww.snowflake.comgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmlbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPSnowflake Computing Inc.ByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release20131989201020142016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20223.2.29, March 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Windows
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query language, no joinsyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava, Javascriptuser defined functionsno
TriggersnoyesHooksno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replicationyesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes inforelationship in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft SQL ServerOrientDBSnowflakeTerarkDB
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