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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. STSdb vs. SurrealDB vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. STSdb vs. SurrealDB vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing methodA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4surrealdb.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlsurrealdb.com/­docsvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftSTS Soft SCSurrealDB LtdOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20132010201120222005
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V124.0.8, September 2015v1.5.0, May 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license availableOpen Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C#RustC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedWindowsLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)yesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesnoNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoSQL-like query languageFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client APIGraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQLnoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyesnoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSTSdbSurrealDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSTSdbSurrealDBVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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