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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh performance Time Series DBMSWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.70
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score1234.27
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgkx.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcode.kx.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20132000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200319801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.6, May 201823c, September 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++qC and C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (q)yes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaKdbOraclePostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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