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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. KairosDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#233  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serversurrealdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlkairosdb.github.iolearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serversurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release20132013201419892022
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.2.2, November 2018SQL Server 2022, November 2022v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageyesSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
TriggersnonoJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infobased on CassandraSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberossimple password-based access controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Apache ImpalaKairosDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerSurrealDB
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