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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­torodb/­serverwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.immudb.iolearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCodenotaryMicrosoft8KdataYugabyte Inc.
Initial release20132020198920162017
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.2.3, April 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20222.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageC++GoC++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freedepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like syntaxyesyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replicationBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaImmudbMicrosoft SQL ServerToroDBYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsYugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosSystems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaImmudbMicrosoft SQL ServerToroDBYugabyteDB
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