DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. KeyDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HyperSQL vs. KeyDB vs. Oracle

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

An ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocols

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.49
Rank	#87	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#226	Overall
	#33	Key-value stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hsqldb.org

github.com/Snapchat/KeyDB
keydb.dev

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.keydb.dev

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

EQ Alpha Technology Ltd.

Oracle

Initial release

2013

2001

2019

1980

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD-3

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

partial

Supported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

by using the Redis Search module

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary protocol

RESP - REdis Serialization Protoco

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

Lua

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Optimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scripts

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Configurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logs

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control and ACL

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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