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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Realm

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orghazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserealm.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrealm.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHazelcastMicrosoftMicrosoftRealm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019
Initial release20132008201920102014
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releasesV12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhostedAndroid
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infoChange Listeners
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoIn-Memory realm
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRealm
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