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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasespark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release2013200820102014
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 2021V123.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in JavaTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHBaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureSpark SQL
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