DBMS > Apache Impala vs. GreptimeDB vs. Hive vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. GreptimeDB vs. Hive vs. Oracle

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An open source Time Series DBMS built for increased scalability, high performance and efficiency

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#352	Overall
	#33	Time Series DBMS

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

greptime.com

hive.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.greptime.com

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Greptime Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Oracle

Initial release

2013

2022

2012

1980

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

3.1.3, April 2022

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Rust

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Android
Docker
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
HTTP API
JDBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Simple rights management via user accounts

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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