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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSTSdb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSKey-Value Store with special method for indexing infooptimized for high performance using a special indexing method
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.67
Rank#232  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#34  Key-value stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#357  Overall
#51  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­STSSoft/­STSdb4
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftSTS Soft SC
Initial release20132010201019892011
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V12SQL Server 2022, November 20224.0.8, September 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++.NET and CC++C++C#
Server operating systemsLinux.NEThostedLinux
Windows
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infoprimitive types and user defined types (classes)
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
.NET Client API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesTransact SQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, with always 3 replicas availableyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft SQL ServerSTSdb
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