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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Teradata vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Teradata vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score44.87
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.teradata.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.teradata.comdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftTeradataOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20132017201019841998
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V12Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 201911 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedhosted
Linux
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQLyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelPL/SQL
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoHashingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTeradataTimesTen
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