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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Yaacomo

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Yaacomo

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonYaacomo  Xexclude from comparison
Yaacomo seems to be discontinued and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationOpenCL based in-memory RDBMS, designed for efficiently utilizing the hardware via parallel computing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.15
Rank#95  Overall
#14  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comyaacomo.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftStardog-UnionQ2WEB GmbH
Initial release20132015201020102009
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Android
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogYaacomo
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