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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. GBase vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. GBase vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGBase  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWidely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.A widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.07
Rank#185  Overall
#86  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.gbase.cnhazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGeneral Data Technology Co., Ltd.HazelcastMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132004200820192010
Current release4.1.0, June 2022GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c5.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releasesV12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C, Java, PythonJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsStandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosyesRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGBaseHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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