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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Firebird vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMSSpatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaFirebird FoundationMicrosoftOracleAlessandro Furieri
Initial release20132000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase198919802008
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.0.0, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 20235.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoInitial Developer's Public Licensecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducePSQLTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFirebirdMicrosoft SQL ServerOracleSpatiaLite
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