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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP HANA

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score44.69
Rank#22  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.postgresql.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comdocs.nebula-graph.iowww.postgresql.org/­docshelp.sap.com/­hana
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectVesoft Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSAP
Initial release2013201220191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 202316.2, February 20242.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono infoalso available as a cloud based service
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureC++C
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Appliance or cloud-service
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemayesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.SQLScript, R
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes infousing RocksDByesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaDatomicNebulaGraphPostgreSQLSAP HANA
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicNebulaGraphPostgreSQLSAP HANA
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