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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationdocs.teradata.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerMicrosoftTeradata
Initial release20132005201920051984
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.3.3, December 2023cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 2024Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++ErlangC
Server operating systemsLinuxAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedhosted
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceView functions in JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQLMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Apache ImpalaCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISTeradata
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