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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.07
Rank#349  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.comwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.comwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDwayne Richard HippStardog-UnionSenX
Initial release20132008200020102015
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 20233.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageC++JavaCJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoWarpScript
Triggersnoyesyesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"nonenoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Clusterselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locksyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights for users and rolesMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraSQLiteStardogWarp 10
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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