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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.postgresql.orgwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.heavy.aiwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookHEAVY.AI, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTimescale
Initial release2013200820161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 20235.10, January 202216.3, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageC++JavaC++ and CUDACC
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnoyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoRound robinpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022PostgreSQLTimescaleDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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