DBMS > Apache Impala vs. BigchainDB vs. MariaDB vs. Memgraph vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. BigchainDB vs. MariaDB vs. Memgraph vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

BigchainDB is scalable blockchain database offering decentralization, immutability and native assets

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.79
Rank	#212	Overall
	#36	Document stores

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	3.02
Rank	#98	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.bigchaindb.com

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

memgraph.com

pingcap.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

bigchaindb.readthedocs.io/en/latest

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

memgraph.com/docs

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Memgraph Ltd

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2013

2016

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2017

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

11.3.2, February 2024

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL v3

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

C++

Python

C and C++

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes,with MongoDB ord RethinkDB

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more

Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.