DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Cassandra vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Badger vs. Cassandra vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An embeddable, persistent, simple and fast Key-Value Store, written purely in Go.

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.22
Rank	#320	Overall
	#47	Key-value stores

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

impala.apache.org

github.com/dgraph-io/badger

cassandra.apache.org

www.stardog.com

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

godoc.org/github.com/dgraph-io/badger

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.stardog.com

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

DGraph Labs

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Stardog-Union

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2013

2017

2008

2010

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

4.1.3, July 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++, Java

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

none

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

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