DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. LokiJS vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#159	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.44
Rank	#256	Overall
	#40	Document stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#61	Key-value stores

Website

impala.apache.org

iotdb.apache.org

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/bytedance/terarkdb

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

ByteDance, originally Terark

Initial release

2013

2018

2014

1989

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

1.1.0, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

restricted open source version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

JavaScript

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Native API

JavaScript API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

JavaScript

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

View functions in JavaScript

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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