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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Percona Server for MySQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Percona Server for MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPercona Server for MySQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA widely adopted in-memory data gridFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#122  Overall
#57  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orghazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.percona.com/­software/­mysql-database/­percona-server
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.percona.com/­downloads/­Percona-Server-LATEST
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsHazelcastMicrosoftMicrosoftPercona
Initial release20122008201920102008
Current release29.0.1, April 20245.3.6, November 2023cloud service with continuous releasesV128.0.36-28, 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyesyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLyes
Triggersnoyes infoEventsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infoReplicated Mapyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitednoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Apache DruidHazelcastMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePercona Server for MySQL
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