DBMS > Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.57
Rank	#74	Overall
	#40	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

druid.apache.org

duckdb.org

www.oracle.com/database

www.sqlite.org

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

duckdb.org/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Oracle

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2012

2018

1980

2000

2010

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

0.10, February 2024

23c, September 2023

3.45.3 (15 April 2024), April 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

server-less

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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