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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Postgres-XL vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#379  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.hawkular.orgwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designduckdb.org/­docswww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidewww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsCommunity supported by Red HatPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2012201820142014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release29.0.1, April 20240.10, February 202410 R1, October 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaCC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
server-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesnoyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP RESTADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyes infovia Hawkular Alertingyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infobased on Cassandrahorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Apache DruidDuckDBHawkular MetricsPostgres-XLPostgreSQL
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