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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. PostgreSQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgwww.datomic.comwww.postgresql.orgpingcap.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stabledocs.datomic.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerCognitectPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerPingCAP, Inc.
Initial release2012200520121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release29.0.1, April 20243.3.3, December 20231.0.7075, December 202316.3, May 20248.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaErlangJava, ClojureCGo, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnonoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIRESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
Clojure
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions in JavaScriptyes infoTransaction Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersnoyesBy using transaction functionsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peerspartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicPostgreSQLTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
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Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
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Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
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Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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Apache DruidCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"DatomicPostgreSQLTiDB
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