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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Ignite vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Ignite vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonIgnite  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessApache Ignite is a memory-centric distributed database, caching, and processing platform for transactional, analytical, and streaming workloads, delivering in-memory speeds at petabyte scale.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Wide column storeKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score3.11
Rank#96  Overall
#15  Key-value stores
#49  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgignite.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestapacheignite.readme.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software FoundationMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release20122008201520192018
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.3, July 2023Apache Ignite 2.6cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++, Java, .NetProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)ANSI-99 for query and DML statements, subset of DDLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HDFS API
Hibernate
JCache
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes (compute grid and cache interceptors can be used instead)Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesyes (cache interceptors and events)yes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes (replicated cache)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesyes (compute grid and hadoop accelerator)Spark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per objectSecurity Hooks for custom implementationsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCassandraIgniteMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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