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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Wide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Websitedruid.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgdgraph.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-db
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.Microsoft
Initial release2012200820162014
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.3, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaGo
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by default
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoJavaScript
TriggersnoyesnoJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infono "single point of failure"yesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via Raftyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights can be defined down to the item level
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCassandraDgraphMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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