DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Couchbase vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Couchbase vs. Solr

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store

Search engine

Secondary database models

Key-value store

originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	16.59
Rank	#36	Overall
	#5	Document stores

Score	41.02
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Website

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.couchbase.com

solr.apache.org/resources.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Apache Software Foundation

Couchbase, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

2018

2011

2006

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

1.1.0, April 2023

Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023

9.6.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C, C++, Go and Erlang

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
Native API

CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++

Java plugins

Triggers

yes

via the TAP protocol

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Automatic Sharding

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Multi-source replication

including cross data center replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

selectable on a per-operation basis

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Ephemeral buckets

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

yes

User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.

yes

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