DBMS > Apache Drill vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Widely used RDBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	645.54
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Website

drill.apache.org

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.oracle.com/database

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.postgresql.org/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

Microsoft

Oracle

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Initial release

2012

2010

2016

1980

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

23c, September 2023

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Erlang

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

C++

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

Transact SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

Access rights for users can be defined per database

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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