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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Phoenix vs. FoundationDB vs. TiDB vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Phoenix vs. FoundationDB vs. TiDB vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.90
Rank#126  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#125  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score4.09
Rank#72  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbpingcap.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsphoenix.apache.orgapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stablegithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software FoundationFoundationDBPingCAP, Inc.Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20122014201320162012
Current release1.20.3, January 20235.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20196.2.28, November 20208.2.0, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageJavaC++Go, RustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesno infosome layers support typingyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyessupported in specific SQL layer onlyyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBCGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesC++C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functionsin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range)yes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesHadoop integrationnoyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoin SQL-layer onlyyes infofull support since version 6.6yes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourceyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancynoFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillApache PhoenixFoundationDBTiDBTitan
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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More resources
Apache DrillApache PhoenixFoundationDBTiDBTitan
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