DBMS > AnzoGraph DB vs. HarperDB vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison AnzoGraph DB vs. HarperDB vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable graph database built for online analytics and data harmonization with MPP scaling, high-performance analytical algorithms and reasoning, and virtualization

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.29
Rank	#303	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	0.60
Rank	#244	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

cambridgesemantics.com/anzograph

www.harperdb.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.cambridgesemantics.com/anzograph/userdoc/home.htm

docs.harperdb.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Cambridge Semantics

HarperDB

Google

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2018

2017

2011

1980

2004

Current release

2.3, January 2021

3.1, August 2021

1.23, February 2021

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free trial version available

commercial

free community edition available

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Node.js

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

Schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SPARQL and SPARQL* as primary query language. Cypher preview.

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

Apache Mule
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka
OData access for BI tools
OpenCypher
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions and aggregates

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Automatic sharding

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication in MPP-Cluster

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Kerberos/HDFS data loading

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency in MPP-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

not needed in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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