DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenMLDB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenMLDB vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

An open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.02
Rank	#367	Overall
	#37	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.h2database.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

openmldb.ai

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

openmldb.ai/docs/zh/main

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

4 Paradigm Inc.

Initial release

2012

2005

1989

2020

2009

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2024-2 February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
SQLAlchemy

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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