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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score19.03
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score6.50
Rank#56  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#5  Search engines
Score29.85
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#42  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.ontotext.comwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.marklogic.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbnsdb.io/­Architecture
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)OntotextMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release20122000200120142017
Current release10.4, October 202311.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC++Java, Scala
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesrestrictedyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infoSQL92SQL-like query languageSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptJavaScriptno
TriggersnonoyesJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyes infoConstraint checkingnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights can be defined down to the item level
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNSDb
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
Amazon RedshiftGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNSDb
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