DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Cloudant vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. IBM Cloudant vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL database

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store

Document store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store

as of version 7
Search engine

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	3.15
Rank	#95	Overall
	#14	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	2.75
Rank	#104	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	5.18
Rank	#63	Overall
	#11	Document stores
	#1	Native XML DBMS
	#1	RDF stores
	#7	Search engines

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

www.marklogic.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

docs.marklogic.com

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

MarkLogic Corp.

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2015

2010

2001

2016

Current release

11.0, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Erlang

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL92

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API

Proprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

yes

via XQuery or JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobs

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Atomic single-row operations

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

can act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

yes, with Range Indexes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levels

yes

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