DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	1.86
Rank	#134	Overall
	#24	Key-value stores

Score	3.25
Rank	#91	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

geode.apache.org

www.ontotext.com

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

firebase.google.com/docs/database

geode.apache.org/docs

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

doc.nuodb.com

Social network pages

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.

Ontotext

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2002

2000

2013

Current release

1.1, February 2017

10.4, October 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

limited edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

the JDK (8 or later) is also required

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like query language (OQL)

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

limited functionality with using 'rules'

user defined functions

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Java, SQL

Triggers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Cache Event Listeners

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Constraint checking

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

yes, on a single node

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

Access rights per client and object definable

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

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31 May 2024

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Understanding the Graph Center of Excellence
17 May 2024

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