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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. DuckDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftduckdb.orgwww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftduckdb.org/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard HippJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201220181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20002019
Current release0.10, February 202416.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++CCClojure
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-lessAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infodynamic column typesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftDuckDBPostgreSQLSQLiteXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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