DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Dgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

dgraph.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

dgraph.io/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

doc.nuodb.com

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Microsoft

MonetDB BV

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Initial release

2012

2016

2014

2004

2013

Current release

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

JavaScript

yes, in SQL, C, R

Java, SQL

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding via remote tables

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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