DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#41	Time Series DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.datomic.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb

nsdb.io

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.datomic.com

docs.immudb.io

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

nsdb.io/Architecture

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cognitect

Codenotary

Google

Initial release

2012

2020

2011

2017

Current release

1.0.6735, June 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

C++

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

Triggers

By using transaction functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

with automatic compression on writes

Using Apache Lucene

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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