DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Cubrid vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Cubrid vs. Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

CUBRID is an open-source SQL-based relational database management system with object extensions for OLTP

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.20
Rank	#169	Overall
	#78	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

cubrid.com (korean)
cubrid.org (english)

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

cubrid.org/manuals

docs.immudb.io

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

CUBRID Corporation, CUBRID Foundation

Codenotary

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2008

2020

2014

2004

Current release

11.0, January 2021

1.2.3, April 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Java

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Java Stored Procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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