DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. ClickHouse vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. ClickHouse vs. Google BigQuery vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	16.34
Rank	#38	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

clickhouse.com

cloud.google.com/bigquery

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

clickhouse.com/docs

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Clickhouse Inc.

Google

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2016

2010

2016

Current release

v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
Java
PHP

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions

in JavaScript

Transact SQL

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

key based and custom

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

yes

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